Kalanda: The Greek Tradition Of Christmas Carols

  • by XpatAthens
  • Monday, 16 December 2024
Kalanda: The Greek Tradition Of Christmas Carols
Kalanda, the Greek tradition of singing Christmas carols, holds a unique place in Greece's festive customs. This age-old practice, celebrated on Christmas Eve, New Year’s Eve, and Epiphany, brings communities together through music, blessings, and cultural pride. 

Origins of Kalanda

The term "kalanda" originates from the Latin word “calendae,” meaning “the first day of the month.” This Latin term itself derives from the verb “calo,” which shares its root with the Greek verb “kaló” (καλώ), meaning “to call.” In Roman times, calendae marked the beginning of each month, and celebratory songs were performed to announce and honor the new lunar cycle. Over time, this tradition blended with local Greek customs, particularly those associated with the Dionysian festivals.

In ancient Greece, the tradition of “Eiresione” played a similar role. During harvest festivals, children would carry olive or laurel branches decorated with wool, fruits, and nuts. These branches symbolized prosperity and fertility. As they paraded through villages singing hymns, they received small gifts or treats. The Eiresione custom, with its themes of blessings and good fortune, is considered a precursor to kalanda.

With the spread of Christianity, these pagan practices were adapted to celebrate the nativity of Christ and the new calendar year. The kalanda we know today reflect this blending of ancient and Christian influences, becoming an integral part of Greek festive culture.

How Kalanda Are Performed

On the eves of Christmas, New Year’s, and on Epiphany day, children gather in small groups, often accompanied by simple instruments like triangles, drums, or lyres. They visit homes in their neighborhoods, singing carols that offer blessings and good wishes. In return, they are rewarded with small tokens such as sweets, coins, or fruit.
The lyrics of kalanda vary depending on the occasion:
  • Christmas Eve Kalanda celebrate the birth of Christ and often include references to the Virgin Mary and the nativity scene.
  • New Year’s Eve Kalanda honor Saint Basil (Agios Vasilis), wishing health, prosperity, and happiness for the coming year.
  • Epiphany Kalanda commemorate the baptism of Christ and the blessings associated with the holy waters.

Regional Variations of Kalanda

Greece’s diverse regions have given rise to unique versions of kalanda, each with its own melodies, instruments, and lyrical themes. Here are a few examples:

1. Thrace



In Thrace, kalanda are accompanied by bagpipes and traditional drums. The carols often include references to local legends and folk tales, creating a rich tapestry of sound and storytelling.

2. Epirus



Epirus kalanda are characterized by slow, melodic tunes performed with a “klarino” (clarinet). The carols here have a reflective, almost solemn tone, emphasizing the spiritual aspects of the season.

3. Crete



Cretan kalanda are lively and upbeat, often featuring the lyra and lute. The lyrics reflect the island’s proud traditions, with frequent mentions of hospitality and the importance of family.

4. The Dodecanese


In the Dodecanese islands, kalanda incorporate influences from Asia Minor, with intricate rhythms and poetic lyrics. Traditional dances sometimes accompany the singing.

5. Pontus


Pontic kalanda are performed with the lyra, a stringed instrument central to the region’s musical identity. The lyrics often recount historical events or local folklore, blending nostalgia with festive joy.

6. The Cyclades


In the Cycladic islands, kalanda are simple yet heartfelt. The carolers’ voices take center stage, often harmonizing beautifully without the accompaniment of instruments.

LIFE & CULTURE